[Risk factors in ectopic pregnancy: a case - control study]

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing due to artificial reproductive technology and increasing rate of sexual transmitted diseases. Ectopic pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester and it reduces the chance of future successful pregnancy. Identifying the risk factors can help to reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity due to early diagnosis and on time treatment. This study was carried out to assess the risk factors in ectopic pregnancy in northern, Iran. This case control study was carreid out on 150 patients with ectopic pregnancy as cases and 300 women with normal pregnancy as controls. The subjects were selected from teaching hospital in Babol in northern Iran, during 2005-09. The risk factors include history of tubal surgery, ectopic pregnancy, cesarean section, pregnancy with IUD, infertility, assisted fertility with IUI, multiple partener, pre-eighteen years marriages were recorded for each subject by direct interview and file. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and Chi-Square and exat Fisher tests. Theraputic assisted fertility with IUI [95% CI: 3.02-185.09, OR: 23.6, P<0.05], previous ectopic pregnancy [95% CI: 1.90-73.94, OR: 8.19, P<0.05] and cesarean section history [95% CI: 1.1-2.6, OR: 1.7, P<0.05] increased the possibility of ectopic pregnancy. There was not significant differnces between pre- eighteen years marriages, infertility history and multiple partener in cases compared to controls. This study showed that assisted fertility with IUI, previous tubal surgery, pregnancy with IUD, previous ectopic pregnancy and cesarean section are the main risk factors of ectopic pregnancy in northern, Iran

[Frequency of risky behaviours among students in Babol Universities [2009]]

The safety of teenagers and young are the major factor in developing a community and they are also the major group at risk of behavioural problems. So, this study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of risky behaviours among different university students in Babol, located in Norther of Iran. This cross sectional study was carried out in a random sample of 882 Babol university students including medical university, university of engineering and Azad University with roughly equal sampling ratio with respect to university and gender. The data was gathered by a designed questionnaire including demographic characteristics, physical involvement with others [violence], cigarette smoking, drug abuse, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity. In statistical analysis the Chi square test was used to determine the association of risky behaviours with demographic characteristics. The results revealed that in general the prevalence of physical involvement with others [violence] during a recent year was 33.3% current cigarette smoking 13.7%, overweight and obesity 25.6%, physical inactivity 15.3% and drug user during recent year 0.3%. In general, the prevalence of some risky behaviour was more in boys than girls [P<0.001], and it was more in single than married [P<0.001] and in residence of dormitory and rented houses than personal houses [P<0.001] and also in engineering and Azad university in contrast to medical university [P<0.001]. For example, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 25.7% in boys and 3.6% in girls [P<0.001]. This study showed a rather high frequency of risky behaviours among students in Babol city in North of Iran

Comparing bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with and without vertebral fracture and its value in recognizing high-risk individuals

Vertebral fracture, the hallmark of osteoporosis, usually occurs in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density [BMD]. The aim this study was to determine which BMD parameter can best predict women at high risk of fracture. BMD values at the spine and femoral neck were compared in 34 women with vertebral fracture and 34 controls. Mean BMD [g/cm[2]], T-score, and Z-score values at both femoral neck and spine were significantly lower in the fracture than the nonfracture group. Z-score was more sensitive than BMD T-score for detecting low bone mass. T-score was not sensitive enough to identify low BMD in the spine, whereas the femoral neck T-score could recognize women at high risk of fracture with higher accuracy

[Effect of linseed [seed of flax] on blood lipid levels]

Linseed [seed of flax] contains high amounts of omega-3 Fatty acids, which is said to have antihyperlipidemic effects. In this study, blood lipid levels [Triglycerids, Cholesterol, LDL, HDL] of 56 hyperlipidemic patients were measured before and after Linseed administration [6 gr linseed powder daily as a biscuit formulation for 3 months as a supplementation to their simple diet]. The results were analysed by t-test using SPSS software. There were some decreases in the mean level of serum total cholesterol [about 10% decrease, P=0.001], mean serum triglyceride [about 12% decrease, P=0.001], and mean serum LDL [about 10% decrease, P=0.001] before and after Linseed administration. The total-Cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios decreased concordantly as well. However, there was no significant alteration in serum HDL level after linseed administration. Linseed administration combined with a simple diet, clinically decreases blood lipid levels. Hence, supplementation of simple diet with 6 gr Linseed powder daily, seems to be helpful in reducing patients blood lipid levels

Genital infection by Trichomonas Vaginalis in women referring to Babol health centers: prevalence and risk factors

There is little information about the prevalence and risk markers of Trichomonas Vaginalis [TV] in Islamic Republic of Iran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TV and to examine the factors associated with this infection. A sample of 550 sexually active women aged less than 45 years living in Babol were enrolled using systematic sampling technique. They were interviewed using a questionnaire, and all the subjects underwent pelvic examination and a discharge ectocervix sample was collected for the diagnosis of TV using wet smear. The prevalence of TV was 4%, there being a significant association between TV and the sociodemographic variables such as the husband's education, and woman's age [20-30 years]. The behavioral markers significantly associated with the infection were, not using condom, having ever heard of lack of information about STD/HIV [Sexual Transmitted Disease], and protected last sexual contact in that month and cigarette smoking by husbands. The signs significantly associated with the infection were vaginal discharge, mucopurulent cervicitis, and redness of vulvovaginal. Syndromic diagnosis revealed a moderate sensitivity of 55% and poor positive predictive value for infection. The prevalence of positive TV is low in the studied women. Therefore, a net diagnosis using laboratory tests is necessary before the initiation of treatment

Comparison of early pregnancy outcome with and without premature rupture of membrane

Preterm labor is associated with a high rate of mortality for mother and neonate that may be with or without premature rupture of membrane [PPROM]. The goal of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcome in these two conditions, thus with prediction of condition of the mother and neonate to provide necessary care for them to decrease maternal and neonatal complications. This descriptive, analytical and cross sectional study was performed on 100 patients with PPROM [group 1] and 100 patients without PPROM [group 2] in Yahyanejad hospital in Babol. Apgar score at 1st and 5th minutes, need to neonatal resuscitation and referring neonates to NICU and also the rate of chorioamnionitis and maternal cesarean were compared in two groups.The apgar score of

[Prevalence of obesity and its associated factors in population aged 20 to 70 years in urban areas of Mazandaran]

Obesity is an undesirable outcome of changing of life style and behavior. In order to control obesity associated diseases, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors in population aged 20 to 70 years in urban areas of the province of Mazandaran, in North of Iran. A population based cross-sectional study with a sample of 3600 subjects using cluster sampling techniques, was conducted in urban areas of four cities: Sari, Gaemshahr, Babol and Amol. In each city, 30 random clusters were selected based on cumulative family health number under coverage of different urban health centers using systematic sampling techniques. In each cluster, 15 men and 15 women aged 20 to 70 years were selected and assessed. The anthropometric measures [height, weight] were measured with standard methods and the social, demographic and some life style data were collected with interview using a designed questionnaire. In assessment of obesity, a standard recommended WHO method based on BMI distribution was used. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the age adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval and the P-value <0.05 was considered as significant level. The mean [ +/- SD] age of men and women were 38.5 +/- 14.2 and 37.5 +/- 13.0 years respectively. The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight were 18.8% and 34.8% respectively [27.8%, 33.5% for men and 9.9% and 36.2% for women]. The pattern of obesity was significantly different with age in both genders. The results of logistic regression model showed that the odds ratio of obesity for age increased up to 60 years and then it tended to decrease slightly [P<0.0001]. The age adjusted odds ratio for obesity was greater roughly 3.6 times in women compared with men [P<0.0001]. The adjusted odds ratio decreased with increasing the level of education [P<0.0001] while the odds ratio was 0.19 for education at university level [P<0.0001]. The adjusted odds ratio was tended to decrease with occupational activities, physical activity level in leisure time and exercise level. The results of this study indicate an increased rate of obesity and overweight in urban population. With respect to these findings, low level of physical activity and education, parity, family history of obesity, marriage at earlier age, gender and aging were responsible for obesity. Therefore, community based multiple strategies are required to combat the increasing rate of obesity and its subsequent complications

[Assessment of referral system in health care delivery center of Paeengatab [Babol, 2003]]

Since equal distribution of health services is impossible in different levels of health network, small centers should refer patients to upper level for special services and if it doesn't be according to referral system, causes crowding and insufficiency of health services in upper levels and leads to uselessness of medical services in small centers. This study was done to assess the function of referral system in Babol health care delivery network. This cross-sectional study was performed in Paeengatab health center during autumn 2003. All referred patients to upper levels were included in this study. Data was collected by interviewing with patients and referral forms and then were analyzed. From 445 forms, 200 had complete data. Most referred patients were female [73%] and were at the age of 20-29 [42%]. Most people [58.2%] were referred for paraclinical services [Sonography and laboratory] and the most referred cases were the patients with gynecological and obstetric disorders [18.6%]. Shahid Beheshti, Yahyanejad and Amirkola hospitals accepted the most referred patients, respectively. The feedback rate from hospital to health centers was zero. Referral system is only being performed as one way from health centers to hospitals and there is no feedback, since, gynecological and obstetric disorders make the largest number of referred patients, it is necessary to increase health and treatment services in rural health centers in order to decrease the number of patients who referred to hospitals

[Effect of chemical additives on the availability of heavy metals [Pb, Cd, Zn] in soil]

Hazards of heavy metals on human health and cleaning up contaminated soils with heavy metals by microorganisms and plants are very important subject. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of additives on the availability of Pb, Cd and Zn in the soil of Amol industrial areas. The soil after mixing by a concrete mixer was dried in the oven and then grounded and passed through polyethylene sieve with 2[mm] holes. The soil extraction was done by distilled water, Ca Cl[2], KNO[3], ammonium citrate and EDTA in 0.25, 0.5, 1,2 and 4 molar and mixed by a shaker in 75 rpm for 10 hours. Finally, concentration of Zn, Pb and Cd as [micro]g/gr were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. In this study, concentration of Pb, Cd and Zn were 13510 +/- 1241 [micro]g/gr, 127 +/- 16.50[micro]g/gr and 3000 +/- 1180[micro]g/gr, respectively. It has been determined that the availability of Zn with different additives and with distilled water was more than the availability of Pb and Cd. Mean concentration of Pb by EDTA, ammonium citrate and potassium nitrate were 2110[micro]g/gr, 1025[micro]g/gr and 195[micro]g/gr, respectively. Mean concentrations of Cd by these additives were 83[micro]g/gr, 71 [micro]g/gr and 56[micro]g/gr respectively and mean concentrations of Zn were 7894[micro]g/gr, 4982[micro]g/gr and 2744[micro]g/gr. The best concentration of Zn and Cd was obtained by KNO[3] in two molarity and by EDTA and ammonium citrate in 1 molarity. Furthermore, the best concentration of Pb was obtained by EDTA and ammonium citrate in one molarity and by KNO[3] was obtained in more than one molarity. Using chemical additives such as EDTA and ammonium citrate are effective to increase availability of heavy metals

[The role of corticosteriods in knee osteoarthritis with accompanying inflammatory pain]

Intraarticular corticostroids [IAC] are recommended in the treatment of knee osteoarthntis [KOA] specially those cases in which there is joint effusion. On the basis of the recent data, their efficacy is limited in relieving pain for a short duration. To investigate the efficacy of IAC in patients with inflammatory pain [IP] of KOA, the present no controlled prospective study was performed. Patients with KOA according to ACR criteria who presented with persistent IP and joint effusion were enrolled in the study. Intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide was prescribed after complete joint fluid aspiration. Patients were evaluated for pain [at rest and movement], performance restriction and physical disability at baseline and 4 weeks after IAC treatment using SPSS software by Wilcoxone match pairs signed rank test and Chi-square Mc nemar test. 71 patients [26 females and 45 males] with mean age of 60 +10 years were studied. Persistent IP and joint effusion were detected in 100%, night joint pain in 95%, performance restriction in 75% and physical disability in 80% of patients. Four weeks after treatment the joint pain [Lickert pain score] decreased from 2.9 + 0.9 to 0.96 + 1.2 [PC 0.01], performance restriction [Lequesn's functional index] from 6.4 + 1.9 to 2.2 + 1. 9 [P< 0.0l], and physical disability [WOMAC functional index] from 10. 2 + 2. 6 to 3.3 + 2. 6 [P< 0.01]. At the end of study the proportion of patients with persistent joint pain at night and rest joint effusion performance restriction and physical disability was, 2%; 5%; ?5%; and 45% respectively [P<0.0l]. In patients with IP of KOA, IAC treatment is accompanied by rapid alleviation of pain and physical disability

[Evaluation of platelet indices and count in patients with ischemic heart disease compared to normal population]

Atherosclerosis and its complications are a major cause of ischemic heart diseases. Platelets play an important role in initiation of atherosclerosis and coronary thrombus formation. Large platelets are shown to be hemostatically more active. Evaluation of platelet volume parameters could be useful and significant in prediction and differentiation of coronary events. In this study, 100 patients with chest pain were divided into 3 groups according to clinical manifestation and standard diagnostic criteria. 25 patients were with unstable angina, 25 patients with chronic stable angina and 50 patients with non-cardiac chest pain as normal population. Platelet indices and count were assayed within 1 to 3 hours, after sampling from venous blood and collection in K3 EDTA, by a Sysmex KX21 analyzer. Data were provided for each group and surveyed by ANOVA and Tukey tests with Pearson correlation and P-value less than 0.05. Patients with unstable angina had a significant higher MPV [Mean platelet volume] [10.7 +/- 0.23 fl], PDW [Platelet distribution width] and PLCR [Platelet-lerge cell ratio] than those in chronic stable angina and normal group [P<0.05]. MPV in chronic stable angina patients [10.1 +/- 0.2 fl] was higher than normal population [9.5 +/- 0.1 fl] but platelet count and other indices were not statistically significant difference. There were no sex or age differences in MPV amounts in population group. Platelet volume indices are increased in unstable angina probably because of platelet activation and a compensatory volume enhancement. Platelets count reduction in this condition results from platelet consumption. These changes in platelet count and volume could differentiate unstable angina patients from chronic stable patients and normal individuals

[Prevalence of major abnormality and some of its related factors in the newborns in Shahid Yahyanejad hospital in Babol [2001]]

Introduction: Today, congenital abnormality is a common cause of long term disability and mortality in children; and it is one of the most important parts of the medical problems

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of apparent major abnormality in the newborns who were born in Shahid Yahyanejad hospital in Babol [2001]

Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at basis of 3756 hospital records in the newborn ward in Shahid Yahyanejad hospital in Babol [2001]. The data of abnormality status, type of abnormality, gestational age, maternal age, parity, background disease of mothers [diabetes mellitus and hypertension], weight and height of newborn have been collected from hospital charts. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and logistic regression model

Results: The findings showed that the prevalence of apparent abnormality was 4 per 1000. the rate of abnormality have a significant association with gestational age and parity [P=0.000]. But there is not a significant association with maternal age, sex of newborn, and background disease of mothers. The most common abnormalities were: skeletal, urogenital, CNS, head and neck

Conclusion: The findings indicated that the prevalence of apparent major abnormality is lower in compared with other reports from Iran and other countries. This can be a consequence differences in health status and detection methods or in defective data of underreport in the hospital records

Evaluation of adjustment of vertical dimension of occlusion in 31-50 year old edentulous patients

Establishing vertical dimension of occlusion [VDO] or vertical relation of jaws is one of the important factors in prosthetic treatment procedures for edentulous patients. It is usually done in mandibular rest position which in turn is affected by different factors such as loss of teeth, patient age and amount of bone resorption after being edentulous, and also the method for determination of VDO [relaxation, swallowing, phonetic...], and patient position. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjustment of VDO determined by dentists compared with that of swallowing and phonetic methods, and anthropometric measurements. In a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, one hundred 31-50 year old edentulous patients reffering to clinics and private offices in Babol were selected in cluster sampling. VDO was determined in patients by speech and swallowing methods. Also distances of external corner of eye to tragus of left ear, pupils to lip corner, glabella to subnasal, and distance between tip of thumb to tip of pointing finger were evaluated in two sessions by two independent observations using electronic digital caliper. The VDO obtained through these measurments was compared with the exiting one determined by dentist. The data were analysed using SPSS 10.5 software [T-test]. Mean existing VDO [subnasal to submental] was 73.49mm +/- 7.9 while a VDO of 76.59mm +/- 5.46 was obtained via swallowing and 75.89mm +/- 5.34 via speech methods. The difference was significant [P<0.05]. A significant correlation was detected between both the VDO determined via speech and swallowing and either external corner of eye-tragus and pupil-lip corner distances [P>0.05]. It seems that most of the dentists consider a shorter VDO for complete dentures

Chronobiology of acute myocardial infarction

The chronobiology of the Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI] is an interesting matter for recognition of the biological mechanism that might trigger AMI. The present study was aimed to investigate the circadian, seasonal and circannual variation of the AMI occurrence with solar, lunar, and Christian months. A retrospective study of 1174 cases with diagnosis of AMI was conducted. All the cases were admitted to the coronary care unit of Shahid Beheshti and Yahyanejad Hospitals in Babol, north of Iran, between 1990 to 2000. The date was extracted by the day and months of diagnosis based on the solar, lunar and Christian calender from hospital charts. The Chi-squarc test was used to test the uniformity of the observed frequencies of AMI onset in the different months based on solar, lunar Christian and the days of the week. The result showed that there was a significant trend toward higher rate of MI at the beginning of the week, on Saturday [18.1%] and the least [12.3%] on Fridays. Although, the observed frequency of AMI has tendency to be higher in Ordibehesht of solar month and Shaban in lunar month than other months, the monthly variation was not statistically significant [P>0.05]. However, there was a significant difference in MI occurrence in Christian months with the highest peak in November [P<0.05]. Also, we did not find a significant seasonal variation of AMI where 26.2%, 32.1%, 26.8% and 23.9% of Ml occurred in spring, summer, fall, and winter respectively [P>0.05]. Our result indicated a significant day of week variation in AMI occurrence with higher peak on Saturdays and full moon phase of lunar months

role of weight and age on knee osteoarthritis

Background: Overweight and age are well recognized risk factors for knee osteoarthritis [KOA]Objectives: To determine the role, as well as the sex difference relationship between weight gain, age and KOA

Methods: 429 patients with KOA [306 females,123 males] and 430 healthy controls [307 females,123 males] attending Shaheed Beheshti outpatient clinic between 1995-2000 entered the study. Diagnosis of KOA was confirmed on the basis of the American College of Rheumatology criteria .Patients and controls were compared regarding to age and body mass index [BMI]. Statistical analysis was performed by SAS soft ware using logistic regression analysis to determine the association of KOA with age and weight. Adjusted odds ratio was calculated for both sexes and compared

Findings: The mean age of patients was significantly higher than controls [60 + 11 Vs 55.5 + 11.8 years, P = 0.0001]. BMI of patients and controls were 27.8 +/- 8.1 and 24.8 +/- 5.1 kg/m2 respectively [P=0.0001]. BMI was higher in female patients than males [28.7 + 8 Vs 25.2 + 4.5 kg/m2, P = 0.0001].The age at onset of KOA in women was lower than men .There was also a significant difference in age distribution between two sexes [P=0.0001 .With increasing age the relative risk [RR] of KOA increased in all decades after 50 years in females whereas in male patients increased risk was seen at the sixth and seventh decades. In overweight patients RR of KOA was 3.74 [95% confidence interval [CI], 2.57-5.43, P = 0.0001] in females and 2.58 [95% CI, 1.41-4.76, P - 0.002] in males

Conclusion: The above findings indicate a sex difference, in KOA association with age,weight and age distribution

[Self-management in skin disease among Babolian teachers, educational year of 2000-2001]

Background and Objective: Self-management is one of the important health problems, which causes economic and health problems. Many cases of self-management were observed in skin diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-management in skin diseases among teachers in Babol city in educational year of 2000-2001

Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on 337 teachers in Babol city in educational year of 2000-2001. Data was gathered with randomized cluster sampling by questionnaires and analyzed by Chi-square test and SPSS and P<0.05 was considered significant

Findings: From 337 teachers, 181 [53.7%] were female and 156 [46.3%] were male. Self-management was seen in 27 [8.3%] cases that there was not a significant difference between Self-management in skin diseases regarding ages, educational degree, sex, numbers of children and level of teaching. But, prevalence of self-management in single teachers was more than married ones [P=0.02]. In skin problems, 276 [79.2%] teachers referred to dermatologist, 37 [11%] to general practitioners and 6 [1.8%] to school health teachers

Conclusion: Prevalence of self-management in skin problems among Babolian teachers was low. This finding can be considered as a positive point in improving population health education

[Submucosal and muscular layers for ganglion cells in diagnosis of hirschsprungs disease [H.D]: a comparative study]

Background and Objective: Hirschsprung's disease [H.D] is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal tract obstruction in newborns. Diagnosis of H.D was established by a full-thickness rectal biopsy, then it was replaced by rectal suction biopsy, that is easier and has less complications. This study was done to compare the submucosal and muscular coat of rectal wall for ganglion cells

Methods: In this descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study, data were obtained from 239 pathological reports in archive of Shahid Beheshti hospital, department of pathology from 1991 to 2001. Serial sections [Up to 60 sections] were tested microscopically

Findings: Sixty-one from 239 specimens were diagnosed as H.D [19.3%] and in 172 cases ganglion cells were present in both muscular and submucosal layers [54.43%]. Sensitivity of submucosal for presence of ganglion cells was 96.6% and correlation between submucosal and muscular layers for absence of ganglion cell was 100% [P<0.05]

Conclusion: The results showed a good correlation between advantages of serial sections of muscular and submucosal layers for presence of ganglion cells. Probability of coincident presence of ganglion cells in both layers was confirmed

[Effect of phosphorous on the rate of acid phosphatase in taste bud cells in papilla of rat tongue]

Background and Objective: There are 3 sensitive cells with a few basal cells in the rat tongue [Dark cell I, light cells II and III]. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of phosphate on the rate of Acid Phosphatase in taste bud cells in papilla of rat tongue

Methods: To determine the influence of Phosphorous on Acid Phosphatase in taste buds, the dose of 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6% and control group of NaH2PO4, 2H2O in the drinking water were used for 30 days then all rats were killed, and their tongues were isolated for histological examination. Black granules in the papillary cells [Cytoplasm] of rat taste buds due to plumbsulfhydril from the Phosphorous and Acid Phosphatase with staining region were counted. Gomori's staining method and counting black granules were statistically analyzed with non-parametrical of Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA

Findings: Based on salts were used in the water There was a linear relationship between the concentration of salt and the rate of Acid Phosphatase. It was seen a significant difference in mean of black granules in taste bud cells in 5 different groups of food Phosphorous [P<0.0001]

Conclusion: There is a direct relationship between the concentrations of salt in the drinking water with the granules in the taste bud cells

Pattern of age distribution of different cancers Babol, 2001

Cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries. The incidence of the different histological types of cancer varies greatly between different populations and it is attributed to occupational, social, cultural, racial, [possibly hereditary], and geographic influences. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of age distribution and the frequency of different cancers, registered in different diagnostic centers in Babol during the year 2001. In a cross-sectional study, characteristics of all registered malignancies were obtained from special records in different diagnostic centers in Babol using the International Classification of Disease [ICD]. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Among 632 cases, 57.9% were males and 42.1% were females. 53.3% of malignancies occurred after 60 years old and 46.7% before 60 years. The mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher among males [59 years] than females [51 years], [p < 0.001]. The 10 most common malignancies among males were: stomach [24.9%], skin [10.7%], esophagus [10.1%], urinary bladder [8.2%], prostate [6.6%], colon and rectum [6.6%], hematopoietic system [4.9%], lymphatic system [4.6%], testes [3.8%] and connective tissue [2.7%]. Meanwhile, the 10 most common malignancies among females were: breast [21.4%], stomach [12.4%], esophagus [12%], colon and rectum [9%], hematopoietic system [7.9%], skin [7.5%], lymphatic system [3.8%], cervix [3%], ovary [2.6%] and thyroid gland [1.5%]. With increasing age, the frequency of different cancers increases and our results indicate that more than half of the cases are 60 years or above. Stomach cancer is the most common malignancy of this region and occurs most frequently during 7[th] and 8[th] decades of life. The most common malignancy among females is breast cancer and occurs most frequently during the 4[th]-6[th] decades of life